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- inet - Internet protocol family
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- The Internet protocol family is a collection of protocols layered atop
- the _I_n_t_e_r_n_e_t _P_r_o_t_o_c_o_l (IP) transport layer, and utilizing the Internet
- address format. The Internet family provides protocol support for the
- SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, and SOCK_RAW socket types; the SOCK_RAW
- interface provides access to the IP protocol.
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- Internet addresses are four byte quantities, stored in network standard
- format. The include file <_n_e_t_i_n_e_t/_i_n._h> defines this address as a
- discriminated union.
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- Sockets bound to the Internet protocol family utilize the following
- addressing structure:
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- struct sockaddr_in {
- short sin_family;
- u_short sin_port;
- struct in_addr sin_addr;
- char sin_zero[8];
- };
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- Sockets may be created with the local address INADDR_ANY to effect
- "wildcard" matching on incoming messages. The address in a _c_o_n_n_e_c_t(2) or
- _s_e_n_d_t_o(2) call may be given as INADDR_ANY to mean ``this host.'' The
- distinguished address INADDR_BROADCAST is allowed as a shorthand for the
- broadcast address on the primary network if the first network configured
- supports broadcast.
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- The Internet protocol family is comprised of the IP transport protocol,
- Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), Internet Group Management
- Protocol (IGMP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and User Datagram
- Protocol (UDP). TCP is used to support the SOCK_STREAM abstraction while
- UDP is used to support the SOCK_DGRAM abstraction. A raw interface to IP
- is available by creating an Internet socket of type SOCK_RAW. The ICMP
- message protocol is accessible from a raw socket.
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- The 32-bit Internet address contains both network and host parts. It is
- frequency-encoded; the most-significant bit is clear in Class A
- addresses, in which the high-order 8 bits are the network number. Class
- B addresses use the high-order 16 bits as the network field, and Class C
- addresses have a 24-bit network part. Sites with a cluster of local
- networks and a connection to the DARPA Internet may chose to use a single
- network number for the cluster; this is done by using subnet addressing.
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- The local (host) portion of the address is further subdivided into subnet
- and host parts. Within a subnet, each subnet appears to be an individual
- network; externally, the entire cluster appears to be a single, uniform
- network requiring only a single routing entry. Subnet addressing is
- enabled and examined by the following _i_o_c_t_l(2) commands on a datagram
- socket in the Internet domain; they have the same form as the SIOCIFADDR
- command (see _n_e_t_i_n_t_r_o(7)).
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- SIOCSIFNETMASK Set interface network mask. The network mask defines
- the network part of the address; if it contains more
- of the address than the address type would indicate,
- then subnets are in use.
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- SIOCGIFNETMASK Get interface network mask.
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- ioctl(2), socket(2), netintro(7), route(7F), tcp(7P), udp(7P), ip(7P),
- icmp(7P)
- _I_R_I_X _N_e_t_w_o_r_k _P_r_o_g_r_a_m_m_i_n_g _G_u_i_d_e.
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- The Internet protocol support is subject to change as the Internet
- protocols develop. Users should not depend on details of the current
- implementation, but rather the services exported.
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